A leverage theory of reputation building with co-branding: Complementarity in reputation building

We present a leverage theory of reputation building with co-branding. We show that under certain conditions, co-branding that links unknown firms in a new sector with established firms in a mature sector allows the unknown firms to signal a high product quality and establish their own reputation. We compare this situation with a benchmark in which both sectors are new and firms signal their quality only with prices. We investigate how this comparison is affected by the nature of the technology linking the two sectors and a cross-sector inference problem that consumers might face in identifying the true cause of product failure. We find that co-branding facilitates the process in which a Þrm in the new sector to signal its product quality only if the co-branding sectors produce complementary inputs and consumers face a cross-sector inference problem. We apply our insight to economics of superstars, multinational firms and co-authorship.Leverage, Co-branding, Complementarity in Reputation Building, Inference Problem

An EM Algorithm for Context-Based Searching and Disambiguation with Application to Synonym Term Alignment

PACLIC 23 / City University of Hong Kong / 3-5 December 200

A Leverage Theory of Tying in Two-Sided Markets

Partly motivated by the recent antitrust investigations concerning Google, we develop a leverage theory of tying in two-sided markets. We analyze incentives for a monopolist to tie its monopolized product with another product in a two-sided market. Tying provides a mechanism to circumvent the non-negative price constraint in the tied product market without inviting an aggressive response as the rival firm faces the non-negative price constraint. We identify conditions under which tying in two-sided markets is profitable and explore its welfare implications. Our mechanism can be more widely applied to any markets in which sales to consumers in one market can generate additional revenues that cannot be competed away due to non-negative price constraints

Stability/activity tradeoffs in Thermusthermophilus HB27 laccase

We report the temperature dependence of the formal potential of type 1 copper (Cu_(T1)) in Thermusthermophilus HB27 laccase. Employing [Ru(NH₃)₄ (bpy)](PF₆)₂ (0.505 vs. NHE) as the redox titrant, we found that the Cu_(T1)^(2+/+) potential decreased from approximately 480 to 420 mV (vs. NHE) as the temperature was raised from 20 to 65 °C. Of importance is that the ΔS_(rc)° of − 120 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ is substantially more negative than those for other blue copper proteins. We suggest that the highly unfavorable reduction entropy is attributable to CuT1 inaccessibility to the aqueous medium. Although the active site residues are buried, which is critical for maintaining thermostability, the flexibility around Cu_(T1) is maintained, allowing enzyme activity at ambient temperature

Stability/activity tradeoffs in Thermus thermophilus HB27 laccase

We report the temperature dependence of the formal potential of type 1 copper (Cu_(T1)) in Thermusthermophilus HB27 laccase. Employing [Ru(NH₃)₄ (bpy)](PF₆)₂ (0.505 vs. NHE) as the redox titrant, we found that the Cu_(T1)^(2+/+) potential decreased from approximately 480 to 420 mV (vs. NHE) as the temperature was raised from 20 to 65 °C. Of importance is that the ΔS_(rc)° of − 120 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ is substantially more negative than those for other blue copper proteins. We suggest that the highly unfavorable reduction entropy is attributable to Cu_(T1) inaccessibility to the aqueous medium. Although the active site residues are buried, which is critical for maintaining thermostability, the flexibility around Cu_(T1) is maintained, allowing enzyme activity at ambient temperature

Roll‐to‐Roll Cohesive, Coated, Flexible, High‐Efficiency Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Utilizing ITO‐Free Polymer Anodes

This paper reports solution‐processed, high‐efficiency polymer light‐emitting diodes fabricated by a new type of roll‐to‐roll coating method under ambient air conditions. A noble roll‐to‐roll cohesive coating system utilizes only natural gravity and the surface tension of the solution to flow out from the capillary to the surface of the substrate. Because this mechanism uses a minimally cohesive solution, the roll‐to‐roll cohesive coating can effectively realize an ultra‐thin film thickness for the electron injection layer. In addition, the roll‐to‐roll cohesive coating enables the fabrication of a thicker polymer anode film more than 250 nm at one time by modification of the surface energy and without wasting the solution. It is observed that the standard sheet resistance deviation of the polymer anode is only 2.32 Ω/□ over 50 000 bending cycles. The standard sheet resistance deviation of the polymer anode in the different bending angles (0 to 180°) is 0.313 Ω/□, but the case of the ITO‐PET is 104.93 Ω/□. The average surface roughness of the polymer anode measured by atomic force microscopy is only 1.06 nm. Because the surface of the polymer anode has a better quality, the leakage current of the polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) using the polymer anode is much lower than that using the ITO‐PET substrate. The luminous power efficiency of the two devices is 4.13 lm/W for the polymer anode and 3.21 lm/W for the ITO‐PET. Consequently, the PLEDs made by using the polymer anode exhibited 28% enhanced performance because the polymer anode represents not only a higher transparency than the ITO‐PET in the wavelength of 560 nm but also greatly reduced roughness. The optimized the maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of the device show around 6.1 cd/A and 5.1 lm/W, respectively, which is comparable to the case of using the ITO‐glass. This roll‐to‐roll cohesive coating method utilizes only the natural gravity and cohesive force of the solutions. The coating film thickness can be effectively reduced for the ultra‐thin electron injection layer. Furthermore, the roll‐to‐roll cohesive coating enables the fabrication of a thicker polymer anode more than 250 nm at one time by modification of the surface energy and without wasting the solution.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102247/1/smll_201300382_sm_suppl.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102247/2/4036_ftp.pd